| From the Caliphs in Medina to the Ummayads Dynasty in Damascus |
 |
| 632 - 634 |
The Caliph named Abu Bakr succeeded the Prophet Muhammad ( Peace Be Upon Him). |
| 634 - 644 |
The Caliph Omar Ibn El-Khattab succeeded Abu Bakr in Medina. |
| 634 |
The beginning of Arab Expansion:
conquest of Palestine and Syria. |
| 635 |
The Arabs cross the Euphrates. |
| 640 |
Capture of Egypt. |
| 641 |
Capture of Nineveh and Armenia. |
| 642 |
The Arab expansion reached Persia. |
| 644 - 656 |
The Caliph Othman Ibn Affan succeeded Omar Ibn Al-Khattab. |
| 644 |
Capture of Persia. |
| 647 |
Capture of Tripolitania. |
| 656 |
The Caliph Othman Ibn Affan was assassinated; Ali Ibn Abi Talib named Caliph. |
| 660 |
Muawieyah Ibn Abi Sufyan (the founder of the the Umayyads dynasty) was Caliph in Damascus. |
| 661 |
Ali Ibn Abi Talib was assassinated. |
| 670 |
Annexation of Tunisia. |
| 671 |
The Oxus is crossed. |
| 673 - 678 |
First attempt to capture Constantinople. |
| 680 - 683 |
Caliphate of Yazid Ibn Muawieyah. |
| 680 |
Al-Husayn Ibn Ali Ibn Abi Talib was assassinated in Kerbela, Iraq. |
| 683 - 693 |
The uprise of anti-caliphate in Mekka. |
| 685 - 705 |
The Caliph Abd-Al-Malik Ibn Marwan came to power in Damascus.
|
| 683 - 693 |
Ka'ba at Mekka (al-Haaram el-Makki al-Sharif) was burned.
The anti-caliph uprise was brought to an end. |
| 705 - 715 |
El-Waleed Ibn Abd-Al-Malik named Caliph in Damascus. |
| 714 |
The submission of Al-Andalus (Spain). |
| 742 - 743 |
Hisham Ibn Al-Hakam succeeded El-Waleed Ibn Abd-Al-Malik in Damascus. |
| 744 |
Yazid III named Caliph in Damascus. |
| 750 - 750 |
Marwan II named Caliph.
Alid insurrections in Khurasan. |
| 750 |
The defeat of Marwan II; the end of the Ummayyad Caliphate in Damascus. |
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